Publication

This report discusses whether tourism is the ultimate option for escaping from mining economic in resource-rich countries like Indonesia. Drawing on the case of Belitung District, this report aims to see whether tourism might or might not provide a sustainable, alternative option of development for Belitung in the context of the declining mining industry and the economic slowdown. Understanding globalization and sustainable development are significant to support answering such questions, as sustainability can sometimes be ambiguous and difficult to define. The report attempts to acknowledge the numerous understanding of sustainability by putting forward some undisputable aspects of it, such as long environment protection and long-term economic benefit. While the potential benefit from FDIs is increasingly important in the infrastructural development for the tourism sector in Belitung, this report suggests that such massive investment should create justified benefits to the locals and contribute to poverty reduction.

This report aims to understand whether Indonesia’s biofuel programme manifests a viable trajectory to a ‘sound’ sustainability transition. While the research question encourages a somewhat yes-or-no answer, this piece of study will argue why such a clear-cut answer is difficult due to the absence of an unanimous understanding of sustainability. However, this report concludes that ill practices of biodiesel production are overshadowing the benefits of consuming palm oil-based biofuel, challenging the soundness of the proposed sustainability transition. By placing Indonesia’s biofuel mandate in the context of a sustainability transition, the report is of significant contribution since Indonesia, as the world’s leading producer of palm oil, is experiencing increasing demand from its growing transport sector, at a time in which its domestic production of petroleum declines. Slashing oil imports is largely viewed as one of the key rationales, legitimizing Indonesia’s biofuel programme, which currently enforces commercial distribution of 20 per cent blended biodiesel (B20). However, in the world’s growing necessity of secure, reliant and sustainable access to energy for the prosperity of humanity, the appropriateness of palm oil-based biodiesel as the solution to the world’s energy need has raised several concerns of its environmental impact.

The extractive industries raise issues of governance because they have typically been large scale, hi-tech enterprises that involve quite a few people. This working paper argued focus of study on governancedue to capacity to reveal the elitist or potentially secretive nature of its works as well as to uncover the link between the domestic and the global scales of governance.

This working paper agued for the “Knowledge-based governance”, the transformative capacity of knowledge to enhance collective advantages of people and country of ASEAN community. The knowledge-based character would direct the people’s trajectory toward sustainable development, as sustainability has been set as the guiding principle in governing the region.